Uncontrolled Activation of the RAF/MEK/ERK Pathway
The mechanisms by which uncontrolled activation or aberrant signalling along the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway may promote more aggressive HCC include6
- Cell immortalization/avoidance of apoptosis — upregulation of proangiogenic factors
- Growth factor–independent proliferation and insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals
- Invasion and metastases (through stimulation of cellular motility and extracellular matrix remodeling)
- Inactivation of tumour suppressor genes
- Treatment resistance
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Term
Explanation for term.
